Pneumothorax as a Pathological Condition the Accumulation of Air in the Pleural Cavity Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The respiration normally occurs due to the maintenance of a pressure gradient between the pleural cavity and the alveoli. This pressure is disrupted due to the inbuilt pressure in the cavity because of the air. The pressure between the alveoli (lungs) and the cavity becomes equal and hence the pressure gradient does not exist for allowing the proper exchange of gases. Also, the muscles of the thoracic cavity function to increase the capacity of the cavity during inspiration and reduce the capacity of the cavity during expiration. Since the patient has flail chest and spasm of the muscles this movement is also led to. The increased pressure in the alveoli might also lead to the collapse of the alveoli and inhibit the oxygenation of the incoming blood. Since the expansion and the contraction of the cavity does not occur the lung also completely recoils and stops its optimal functioning and collapses. Thus the respiratory mechanisms are altered. The changes in pressure also lead to dif ferences in the exchange of gases between the blood and the alveoli. The lung at the aide of the injury collapses in such condition and the level of oxygenated blood also drops. We will write a custom essay sample on Pneumothorax as a Pathological Condition: the Accumulation of Air in the Pleural Cavity or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This leads to deterioration of the respiratory mechanisms in the patient (Sherwood, L. 2006). The patient had a flail chest as well as traumatic pneumothorax and he presented with all the signs and symptoms associated with it. His increased heart rate, difficulty in breathing was all supportive of this fact. The patient became disoriented and had altered levels of consciousness because of this condition as he eventually has most probably developed tension pneumothorax. This build-up of tension can eventually be fatal. Hence he was put on a mechanical ventilator. It is necessary to ensure that the mechanical ventilator is kept at low tidal volumes. This is because mechanical ventilation can lead to further damage to the lung as ventilator-associated lung injuries can occur. This happens because of the increase in the pressure build up which further aggravates the condition (Gajic et al 2004).

A Description Of School ( Organizational ) Culture

Organizational Culture Salih Dede University of Nevada- Reno EL700 Jafeth E. Sanchez, Ph.D. 10/27/2015 A Description of School (Organizational) Culture Today many companies are focusing on becoming a value-driven organization because we have seen those values types of organizations are some of the most successful companies. Value tends to drive culture and when you have an organization that has strong culture, you have a lot of employee that are bookbuild so your culture is driving complete fulfillment. When you have employed fulfillment then employees are happy then they come to work and they provide good customer service. You have high customer satisfaction. Study in organizational culture began in the early 1980s. Organizational culture is â€Å"work group culture† and involves organization’s personality. Organizational culture includes shared philosophies, ideologies, beliefs, feelings, assumptions, expectations, attitudes, norms and values (Fred Lunenburg, Allan Ornstein, 2012, p. 55). Most organizational cultures include observed behavioral regularities, norms, dominant values, philosophy, rules, and feelings. Organizational cultures includes certain input such as the energy imported by organizations from the environment in the form of information, people, and materials (Fred Lunenburg, Allan Ornstein, 2012, p. 55). This input energy must guide organizational behavior toward shared goals and process. Organizations produce an output because of the input into theShow MoreRelatedThe Climate Of A School754 Words   |  4 PagesLindahl gives a good understanding of how school leaders can assess their school’s cultur e and climate. He discusses methods of how leaders can develop their cultures and climate to contribute to school improvement. 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Kid kustomers summery essay Free Essays

That was until the â€Å"Decade of the Child consumer† as many marketing experts call it, where marketing agencies legalized that working parents are more willing to spend money on materialistic items for their kids t o keep them happy. Most all big marketing agencies around that time realized the potential opportunity they had to create a olfactory fan to their brand, so in turn most every ad agency created a child en division to their company. The children divisions of the companies were completely focused o n how to market their brand to stick in young kids minds. We will write a custom essay sample on Kid kustomers summery essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The best example of this that Closer BRI nags up in the article is he old Camel Cigarettes mascot, â€Å"Joe Camel†. Joe Camel was a cartoon chart term that the camel cigarettes brand invented to help market their product to a younger crowd an d it worked perfectly. A study done in 1991 showed that almost all American kids age six, could recon nice Joe Camel just as easily as the famous Mackey mouse. Then another very shocking study came shortly after that found that % of all cigarettes illegally sold to minors were Camel cigarettes. Closer goes on to explain that marketing agencies have a goal of getting chi lilied to have pacific reasons for their parents why they need the advertised product. They don’t just want kids to whine and beg for their product because they want it, the agencies want child Rene to feel certain reasons why they actually need the product. In order to know what kids need to see to get infatuated with a product, market researchers hold staged sleepovers, focus groups and play d dates for kids as young as two or three to study what they talk about, play with, and even what they drag w in their pictures. The ad agencies also used the internet as a huge marketing tool to children. In 1 998 a federal investigation of the internet found that 89% of children aimed sites were requesting personal information from children without a parents consent which now is illegal due to the Children’s Online Pri vacancy Protection Act, which took effect in the year 2000. The biggest tool that marketing agencies still have to hook our children on the IR product is the television. Despite the efforts of the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) to ban al I television ads directed at children under seven, the television still remains the number one place for racketing agencies to spread their message subliminally to children’s minds. With TV channels like N clonked, the Disney Channel, the Cartoon Network and all the other child networks, the television is broadcasting children based advertisements tenderfoot hours a day. Before 1 980, or the â€Å"Decade of the child consumer† none of these television networks even existed. Now the typical American chill d is watching television at an average of twenty hours a week and almost one and a half months o UT of a year, watching more than thirty thousand TV commercials. How to cite Kid kustomers summery essay, Essays

A Case of Renesas Electronics-.com

Questions: 1.How would you characterize customer demands for Renesas products? Does the automobile industry place unique demands on Renesas, compared to others like consumer electronics? 2.Why is Renesas product portfolio so fragmented? 3.How different are the economics of serving company A vs Company B? 4.What alternatives should Renesas consider to reduce its vulnerability to future disruptions? Answers: 1.Customer demands for Renesas products are very high given that the company supplies 30% and 40% of microcontroller and auto microcontroller chips respectively across the world. In particular, Naka, one of Renesass facilities was very important for Japanese automakers because it was their only source of engine microcontrollers for their car models(Shih Pierson, 2012). The automobile industry places unique demands on Renesas unlike for instance the consumer electronics industry. As such, automobiles chips require long design-in cycles which is then followed by model lifetimes that can take five years or more(Shih Pierson, 2012). A design-in cycle is termed as the process of choosing a component, subsequently testing it to determine whether it will attain performance as well as lifetime requirements, and then finally performing the engineering process to integrate it into a product design (Shih Pierson, 2012) 2.Fragmentation refers to the use of several component manufacturers during the production process of a product (Chryssochoidis, 2015). This means that different companies will produce component parts as opposed to the finished product, and the components will subsequently be assembled to form one complete product elsewhere (Chryssochoidis, 2015). Renesas employed three process types when creating flash microcontrollers. An example of fragmentation in Renesas involved the use of Super flash technology from Silicon Storage Technology for low-end chips (Shih and Pierson)(Shih Pierson, 2012). Other process types for several products came from Hitachi (Super H), NEC Electronics (V850) and the Mitsubishi (HND). A customer often took two years to ascertain whether a microcontroller was compatible with a new vehicle program while production took almost five years to complete after initial shipment (Shih and Pierson, 2012). Consequently, Renesas had to cope with substantial product variety it had inherited from the companies it merged with. 3.Fulfilling short-term needs of company A and company B after Naka fab was damaged was the biggest challenge. Both solely depended on Naka for microcontrollers. Company A was a large consumer of H8SX/15xx microcontrollers and H8SX/17xx parts. Company B on the other hand majorly consumed SH-2/SH-2A microcontrollers(Shih Pierson, 2012). Consequently, the economics of serving A were higher compared to B because A purchased more units compared to B. Company B might have been purchasing microcontrollers for various part numbers such as engines, car audio and car navigation systems but still purchased smaller units compared to A. 4.To ensure business continuity, Renesas had already begun creating a Two fab system before Naka was wrecked by the Earthquake(Shih Pierson, 2012). Although it is expensive, it is a possible alternative which the company should continue pushing for as it implies some products will have a second fab in the companys network which is a second source of chips that may aid in disaster recovery. Preferably, the second fab can be set up in a country where the probability of interruptions witnessed before occurring is low or none at all (Park et al., 2013). References Chryssochoidis, G. M. (2015). Product/Market Portfolio, Extent of Access to Distribution Channels and Branding in Export Success Factors Research an Exploratory Study. InProceedings of the 1993 World Marketing Congress(pp. 218-222). Springer International Publishing. Park, Y., Hong, P., Roh, J. J. (2013). Supply chain lessons from the catastrophic natural disaster in Japan. Business Horizons, 56(1), 75-85. Shih, W., Pierson, M. (2012). Renesas Electronics and the Automotive Microcontroller Supply Chain (A). For the exclusive use of K. Ratushniak, 2017, 1-16